description Smithsonite Overview
Smithsonite is a zinc carbonate mineral, ZnCO3, that forms mainly in the oxidized zones of zinc ore deposits. It was historically called calamine in some mining and collecting contexts and received its modern name in 1832 in honor of James Smithson, whose bequest founded the Smithsonian Institution. Blue-green, green, yellow, pink, and colorless specimens may develop botryoidal or drusy surfaces, making smithsonite a collector mineral and an occasional cabochon material.
help Smithsonite FAQ
What is smithsonite made of?
Smithsonite is a zinc carbonate mineral with the chemical formula ZnCO3. It commonly forms in the oxidized zones of zinc ore deposits.
Why was smithsonite historically called calamine?
Calamine was an older mining and mineral-collecting name that could refer to zinc-bearing minerals, including smithsonite. The modern name smithsonite honors James Smithson and was adopted in the 19th century.
What colors can smithsonite be?
Smithsonite may be white, gray, yellow, green, blue, pink, or brown, depending on impurities and crystal conditions. Blue and green material from zinc deposits is especially valued by mineral collectors.
Is smithsonite used as a gemstone?
Some smithsonite is cut or polished for collectors, particularly when it has strong blue, green, or pink color. It is relatively soft, around Mohs 4 to 4.5, so it needs more care than quartz gemstones.
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