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Hero of Alexandria (also known as Heron) was a Greek mathematician and engineer active in Alexandria during the Roman period, most likely in the first century AD. He described the aeolipile, a simple steam-powered reaction turbine, and authored treatises on pneumatics, automata, mechanics, and geome...
Ctesibius was a Greek inventor and mathematician active in Alexandria during the 3rd century BC. He is credited with founding the study of pneumatics, documented in his lost work that was later summarized by Hero of Alexandria. Among his inventions are the hydraulis, an early water-driven pipe organ...
Otto von Guericke (1602–1686) was a German scientist, inventor, and the mayor of Magdeburg, recognized for his foundational experiments in pneumatics. He invented the world's first practical vacuum pump, which he used to demonstrate the existence of vacuums and the power of atmospheric pressure. In...
