swap_horiz Alasdair MacIntyre Alternatives

1

David Hume

David Hume was a significant Scottish philosopher of the early-modern period. His work, particularly the *Treatise of Hu...

Empiricism Scottish Early Modern Skepticism

9.6 Brilliant

2

John Stuart Mill

John Stuart Mill was an English philosopher whose 1859 On Liberty defended individual freedom and whose utilitarianism s...

Ethics British Liberty Utilitarianism

9.3 Excellent

3

Epicurus

Epicurus was a Greek philosopher who founded the Garden in Athens in 306 BCE and made pleasure, friendship, and freedom...

Ethics Ancient Greek Epicureanism

9.2 Excellent

4

Mencius

Mencius was a Chinese Confucian philosopher of the 4th century BCE who argued that human nature is good and shaped later...

Ethics Ancient Chinese Confucianism

9.1 Excellent

5

Soren Kierkegaard

Soren Kierkegaard was a Danish philosopher and theologian whose 1843 Either/Or explored choice, anxiety, faith, and the...

Danish Ethics Existentialism Religion

9.1 Excellent

6

Derek Parfit

Derek Parfit was a British philosopher noted for Reasons and Persons (1984), which reshaped debates on identity, rationa...

Ethics Identity British Reasons

9.1 Excellent

7

Epictetus

Epictetus was a Greek Stoic philosopher, formerly enslaved, whose Discourses and Enchiridion teach control over judgment...

Ethics Ancient Roman Stoicism

8.9 Great

8

Marcus Aurelius

Marcus Aurelius was Roman emperor from 161 to 180 CE and a Stoic philosopher whose Meditations records private ethical r...

Ethics Ancient Roman Stoicism

8.9 Great

9

Bernard Williams

Bernard Williams was a British moral philosopher known for Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy (1985) and critiques of u...

Politics Ethics British Moral Psychology

8.9 Great

10

Zeno of Citium

Zeno of Citium was a Cypriot philosopher who founded Stoicism in Athens around 300 BCE, teaching virtue in accord with n...

Ethics Ancient Greek Stoicism

8.8 Great

11

Duns Scotus

Duns Scotus was a medieval Franciscan philosopher from Scotland whose work defended univocity of being and the doctrine...

Medieval Metaphysics Scottish Theology

8.7 Great

12

Martha Nussbaum

Martha Nussbaum is an American philosopher noted for the capabilities approach, developed with Amartya Sen, and for work...

American Politics Ethics Capabilities

8.7 Great

13

Emmanuel Levinas

Emmanuel Levinas was a Lithuanian-born French philosopher notable for making ethics a first philosophy in Totality and I...

French Ethics Phenomenology Otherness

8.7 Great

14

Martha C. Nussbaum

Martha C. Nussbaum is an American philosopher whose capabilities approach links ethics, law, and development policy, not...

American Law Ethics Capabilities

8.7 Great

15

Jeremy Bentham

Jeremy Bentham was an English philosopher who founded classical utilitarianism and promoted legal reform through the gre...

Law Ethics British Utilitarianism

8.6 Great

16

Peter Singer

Peter Singer is an Australian moral philosopher noted for Animal Liberation (1975) and for influential utilitarian argum...

Australian Ethics Animals Utilitarianism

8.6 Great

17

Diogenes of Sinope

Diogenes of Sinope was a Greek Cynic philosopher of the 4th century BCE, famous for radical simplicity and criticism of...

Ethics Ancient Greek Cynicism

8.5 Great

18

Seneca

Seneca was a Roman Stoic philosopher, statesman, and dramatist who advised Nero and wrote major moral essays and letters...

Ethics Ancient Roman Stoicism

8.5 Great

19

Elizabeth Anscombe

Elizabeth Anscombe was a British philosopher whose Intention (1957) transformed action theory and whose work helped revi...

Action Ethics British Analytic

8.5 Great

20

Philippa Foot

Philippa Foot was a British philosopher central to virtue ethics, known for natural goodness theory and for introducing...

Ethics British Naturalism Virtue

8.1 Great