swap_horiz H. L. A. Hart Alternatives

1

John Stuart Mill

John Stuart Mill was an English philosopher whose 1859 On Liberty defended individual freedom and whose utilitarianism s...

Ethics British Liberty Utilitarianism

9.3 Excellent

2

Bertrand Russell

Bertrand Russell was a British philosopher and logician who co-wrote Principia Mathematica and won the 1950 Nobel Prize...

Language Logic British Analytic

9.3 Excellent

3

Ibn Rushd

Ibn Rushd was a 12th-century Andalusian philosopher and jurist whose Aristotle commentaries influenced medieval Islamic,...

Law Medieval Andalusian Aristotelianism

9.1 Excellent

4

Derek Parfit

Derek Parfit was a British philosopher noted for Reasons and Persons (1984), which reshaped debates on identity, rationa...

Ethics Identity British Reasons

9.1 Excellent

5

Bernard Williams

Bernard Williams was a British moral philosopher known for Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy (1985) and critiques of u...

Politics Ethics British Moral Psychology

8.9 Great

6

Ronald Dworkin

Ronald Dworkin was an American legal philosopher whose Law's Empire (1986) argued that judges interpret law through righ...

American Law Politics Rights

8.9 Great

7

Montesquieu

Montesquieu was a French political philosopher whose 1748 Spirit of the Laws argued for separation of powers and compara...

French Law Politics Enlightenment

8.7 Great

8

Martha C. Nussbaum

Martha C. Nussbaum is an American philosopher whose capabilities approach links ethics, law, and development policy, not...

American Law Ethics Capabilities

8.7 Great

9

Jeremy Bentham

Jeremy Bentham was an English philosopher who founded classical utilitarianism and promoted legal reform through the gre...

Law Ethics British Utilitarianism

8.6 Great

10

Elizabeth Anscombe

Elizabeth Anscombe was a British philosopher whose Intention (1957) transformed action theory and whose work helped revi...

Action Ethics British Analytic

8.5 Great

11

B. R. Ambedkar

B. R. Ambedkar was an Indian jurist and social philosopher, chief architect of India's 1950 Constitution and a major cri...

Indian Law Politics Justice

8.5 Great

12

J. L. Austin

J. L. Austin was a British philosopher who founded ordinary language philosophy and developed speech-act theory in How t...

Language British Analytic Speech Acts

8.3 Great

13

Mary Wollstonecraft

Mary Wollstonecraft was an English philosopher and feminist whose 1792 Vindication of the Rights of Woman argued for wom...

Feminism English Rights Enlightenment

8.2 Great

14

G. E. Moore

G. E. Moore was a British analytic philosopher whose 1903 Principia Ethica challenged naturalistic ethics and defended c...

Ethics British Analytic Common Sense

8.2 Great

15

P. F. Strawson

P. F. Strawson was a British philosopher whose 1959 Individuals revived descriptive metaphysics and whose work shaped an...

Language British Metaphysics Analytic

8.2 Great

16

Judith Jarvis Thomson

Judith Jarvis Thomson was an American philosopher noted for A Defense of Abortion (1971) and influential work on rights...

American Ethics Metaphysics Rights

8.2 Great

17

Joseph Raz

Joseph Raz was an Israeli legal philosopher at Oxford, notable for The Morality of Freedom (1986) and a leading defense...

Israeli Law Politics Authority

8.2 Great

18

Gilbert Ryle

Gilbert Ryle was a British philosopher whose 1949 The Concept of Mind attacked Cartesian dualism and popularized the phr...

Language British Analytic Mind

8.1 Great

19

Philippa Foot

Philippa Foot was a British philosopher central to virtue ethics, known for natural goodness theory and for introducing...

Ethics British Naturalism Virtue

8.1 Great

20

Onora O'Neill

Onora O'Neill is a British philosopher noted for Kantian ethics, justice, and trust, and served as President of the Brit...

Ethics British Justice Kantianism

7.9 Good