Best Executed
Queen of Scotland (r. 1542–1567) and briefly Queen consort of France whose rivalry with her cousin Elizabeth I of England culminated in her execution at Fotheringhay Castle in 1587.
Austrian Archduke Maximilian was installed as Emperor of Mexico in 1864 by Napoleon III, but was captured and executed by republican forces under Juárez in 1867.
King Charles I of England (1600–1649) ruled from 1625, clashed with Parliament over taxation and religious policy, lost the English Civil War to Parliamentarian forces, and was executed in 1649—the only English monarch tried and beheaded by his own government.
Last Russian tsar, reigning from 1894 to 1917, whose autocratic rule and failures in World War I precipitated the Revolution that led to his abdication and execution in 1918.
