description Citadel of Parma Overview
The Citadel of Parma is a pentagonal fortress in Parma, Italy, built in the late sixteenth century under Duke Alessandro Farnese. Its regular geometric plan reflects the defensive principles of the bastioned or star-fort tradition, which was designed to resist artillery. The former military site survives as an important element of Parma's urban heritage and is now associated with a public park and cultural use.
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