Top Results for Phoenician

The Necropolis of Puig des Molins is a major Phoenician and Punic cemetery located in Ibiza, Spain. Originally established in the 7th century BC by the Phoenicians, the site was continuously used through the Roman period and contains thousands of underground hypogea, or burial chambers. These tombs...

The Obelisks of the Temple of the Obelisks are a group of standing stones and stone monuments associated with an ancient sanctuary at Byblos, on the Mediterranean coast of present-day Lebanon. The temple belongs to the Bronze Age archaeological sequence of Byblos, a site occupied over many centuries...

The Tyre Necropolis, also known as the al-Bass cemetery, is an ancient burial ground located in the city of Tyre, Lebanon. As part of the Tyre archaeological site, it is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage location. The necropolis contains hundreds of Roman and Byzantine sarcophagi, many of which...

The Royal Necropolis of Byblos is an archaeological site located in the ancient coastal city of Byblos in modern-day Lebanon. It consists of a group of Bronze Age shaft tombs that served as the burial ground for the city's Phoenician rulers. The site is most famous for the discovery of the Ahiram sa...

Astarte is an ancient Near Eastern goddess whose worship originated among the Phoenicians and Canaanites before spreading throughout the Mediterranean basin. She was associated with war, love, fertility, and sovereignty, serving as the counterpart to the Mesopotamian deity Ishtar. Historical records...

Solunto is an ancient settlement on the northern coast of Sicily near Santa Flavia and Palermo. It began as a Phoenician center and was destroyed in the early fourth century BCE during the conflict with Dionysius of Syracuse before being refounded on nearby Monte Catalfano. The excavated site preser...

The Ahiram Sarcophagus Inscription is an early Phoenician text engraved on the limestone sarcophagus of King Ahiram of Byblos, located in modern-day Lebanon. Dating to around the 10th century BCE, the inscription serves as a funerary warning against disturbing the tomb, cursing anyone who opens it....

The Carthaginian civilization was an ancient maritime power centered in modern-day Tunisia, originating as a colony founded by Phoenician settlers. Thriving from the 9th to the 2nd centuries BCE, the state established an extensive commercial trading network across the Mediterranean Sea and controlle...

Ephraim Stern (1934–2018) was an Israeli archaeologist who served as a professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He directed excavations at Tel Dor on Israel's Mediterranean coast from 1980 to 2000, uncovering significant Phoenician and Persian period remains. Stern authored the comprehensive...

Byblos on the Lebanese coast is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, a major Phoenician port whose role in exporting papyrus to Greece gave the Greek word for book—and ultimately 'Bible'—its name.

Carthage was a Phoenician-founded city on the coast of modern Tunisia that developed into the political center of the Punic world. Its location supported maritime commerce and control of territories and trading stations across parts of the western Mediterranean, bringing it into prolonged conflict w...

The Kilamuwa Inscription is a ninth-century BCE royal text from Sam'al, an Iron Age kingdom at Zincirli in present-day southern Turkey. It records the claims and achievements of King Kilamuwa and provides evidence for the languages and writing practices used in northern Syria during the period. The...

The Nora Inscription, also called the Nora Stone, is an archaic Phoenician inscription engraved on a stone stele found at the site of ancient Nora on Sardinia. It was discovered in 1773 and is usually dated to the late ninth or early eighth century BCE; the stone is now held in the Archaeological Mu...