Top Results for Hellenistic

The Theatre of Eretria is an ancient Greek theatre at Eretria on the island of Euboea. The structure belongs to the classical Greek theatrical tradition and is distinguished by features including a raised stage and underground passages associated with stage presentation. Its remains provide evidence...

The Termessos Necropolis is the burial ground of the ancient Pisidian city of Termessos, located in the Taurus Mountains of present-day Antalya Province in southwestern Turkey. Termessos occupied a naturally fortified position at roughly 1,000 meters elevation and was one of the few cities to resist...

The Amphipolis Tomb (Kasta Tomb) is an ancient Macedonian burial monument near Amphipolis in northern Greece, dating to the late 4th century BC. It is the largest tumulus discovered in Greece, enclosed by a marble wall nearly 500 meters in circumference. Excavations led by Katerina Peristeri beginni...

Seleucus of Seleucia was a Hellenistic astronomer and philosopher from Seleucia, active during the second century BCE. Ancient accounts identify him as a supporter of the heliocentric system proposed by Aristarchus of Samos, in which Earth rotates and travels around the Sun. He also studied tides an...

The Hasmonean Kingdom was an independent Jewish state established in the region of Judea following the success of the Maccabean Revolt against the Seleucid Empire. Ruling from approximately 140 BCE, the Hasmonean dynasty expanded its territories to encompass parts of modern Israel and Palestine. The...

The Kingdom of Pontus was a Hellenistic state located in northern Anatolia along the Black Sea coast, founded by the Mithridatic dynasty of Persian and Greek origin. It is most notable for its expansion under King Mithridates VI, who ruled from 120 to 63 BC and established an empire that challenged...

Cleopatra VII was the last active ruler of Ptolemaic Egypt, reigning from 51 to 30 BCE within a dynasty of Macedonian Greek origin. She governed during the Roman Republic's civil wars and formed political and personal alliances first with Julius Caesar and later with Mark Antony. After Octavian defe...

The Gabbari Necropolis is a major Hellenistic and Roman burial complex situated in the western district of Alexandria, Egypt. Discovered in the 1990s during urban construction, the site consists of an extensive network of multi-level catacombs and loculi carved directly into the local limestone bedr...

The Kingdom of Pontus was an ancient Hellenistic state located along the southern coast of the Black Sea in Anatolia. Founded in 281 BC by Mithridates I, a ruler of Persian noble origin, the kingdom blended Greek culture with Persian administrative traditions. It is historically recognized for its t...

The Greco-Bactrian Kingdom was an ancient Hellenistic state in Central Asia, founded by the Seleucid satrap Diodotus I around 250 BCE. Located primarily in the region of modern-day Afghanistan, the kingdom was distinguished by its administration of a Greek-speaking ruling class over a local populati...

The Seleucid Empire was a Hellenistic state founded by Seleucus I Nicator after the fragmentation of Alexander the Great's empire, conventionally dated from 312 BC. At its greatest extent it controlled territories from Anatolia and the Levant through Mesopotamia and Iran toward Central Asia, governi...

The Parthian Empire, also called the Arsacid Empire, was an ancient Iranian state ruled by the Arsacid dynasty from about 247 BC to AD 224. Originating in northeastern Iran, it expanded across the Iranian plateau and Mesopotamia and became a major rival of Rome, whose eastern campaigns it repeatedly...

The Bactrian Greek Kingdom (c. 256–125 BCE) emerged from Alexander the Great's conquests in Central Asia and produced distinctive coinage blending Hellenistic art with local Iranian and Indian influences.

Mustafa Kamel Necropolis is a set of rock-cut tombs in Alexandria, Egypt, notable for Hellenistic burial chambers from the 3rd century BCE.

Dura-Europos was a Hellenistic, Parthian, and Roman frontier city founded around 300 BCE on a plateau overlooking the Euphrates River in eastern Syria. The site preserves a synagogue with extensive biblical wall paintings, one of the earliest known Christian house-churches, and a Mithraeum, reflecti...

The Bosporan Kingdom was an ancient state centered on Greek colonies around the Cimmerian Bosporus, the strait now known as the Kerch Strait, with territory in eastern Crimea and the Taman Peninsula. It emerged in the fifth century BCE and combined Greek urban culture with extensive connections to S...

Sinop Castle is a fortified complex in Sinop on Turkey's Black Sea coast. Its walls incorporate construction and repairs from multiple eras, including ancient Greek, Roman, Byzantine, Seljuk, and Ottoman rule, reflecting the city's importance as a harbor and regional stronghold. The surviving fortif...

Kadifekale, meaning 'Velvet Castle,' is a hilltop fortress in İzmir, Turkey, on Mount Pagos overlooking the modern city and the Gulf of İzmir. The fortification is traditionally associated with Lysimachus, a general of Alexander the Great, who is said to have refounded Smyrna in the Hellenistic peri...

Commagene was a small kingdom in the highlands of southeastern Anatolia, positioned near the upper Euphrates between larger powers including the Seleucid and Roman states. It combined Greek, Persian, and local traditions in its royal ideology and art. Its best-known surviving monument is the first-c...

The Kingdom of the Cimmerian Bosporus was an ancient Greco-Scythian state centered on the Kerch Strait, with territories in eastern Crimea and the Taman Peninsula. Its capital was Panticapaeum, and its economy included the export of grain and other Black Sea products to Greek markets. After periods...

The Indo-Greek kingdoms were a series of Hellenistic states that ruled parts of present-day Afghanistan and northwestern Pakistan and India after the Greco-Bactrian expansion into South Asia. Their coinage often combined Greek and local scripts, languages, and religious imagery, providing important...

The Bactrian Kingdom, also called the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, was a Hellenistic state centered in Bactria, in parts of present-day Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan. It was founded around 250 BC when Diodotus I broke away from the Seleucid Empire. Its cities, coins, sculpture, and material cul...

Ai Khanoum was a Hellenistic city in ancient Bactria, located near the confluence of the Oxus and Kokcha rivers in what is now northeastern Afghanistan. Founded during the period of Greek rule in Central Asia, probably in the third century BCE, it contained buildings that combined Greek architectura...