Ernest Shackleton

After Endurance was crushed by Weddell Sea ice, the 28 men camped on drifting floes and then sailed lifeboats to Elephant Island. Shackleton and five companions crossed roughly 800 miles of the Southern Ocean in James Caird before reaching South Georgia and arranging a rescue.

All 28 members of the Endurance party survived the loss of the ship and their prolonged ordeal. Members of the expedition's separate Ross Sea party were less fortunate, with three men dying during its depot-laying mission.

The Endurance22 expedition located the wreck in the Weddell Sea in March 2022. It was found upright at a depth of about 3,000 metres and was remarkably well preserved in the cold water.

During the 1907-09 Nimrod expedition, Shackleton's southern party reached within about 100 geographical miles of the South Pole before turning back. The decision preserved the party's lives and established a new farthest-south record.