Henri Matisse

Matisse's bold color shocked critics at the 1905 Salon d'Automne in Paris. The critic Louis Vauxcelles called the painters fauves, or wild beasts, giving Fauvism its name.

The Dance shows five simplified figures moving in a circle against strong fields of blue and green. Matisse painted a famous version in 1910 for the Russian collector Sergei Shchukin.

After serious illness and surgery in the 1940s, Matisse increasingly worked with painted paper cut-outs. These works include Jazz, published as a book in 1947.

Matisse is usually associated with color, decorative rhythm, and simplified forms. Picasso, who was born in 1881, became more closely tied to Cubism and structural fragmentation.