description Indian Ocean Humpback Dolphin Overview
The Indian Ocean humpback dolphin (Sousa plumbea) is a marine mammal species found in coastal waters from southern Africa to western India. First described by Cuvier in 1829, these dolphins inhabit shallow, nearshore environments including estuaries and reefs. They are characterized by a distinctive dorsal hump and relatively small dorsal fin. Currently classified as endangered, the species faces threats from habitat degradation, pollution, and fishing bycatch throughout its range.
help Indian Ocean Humpback Dolphin FAQ
What is the scientific name of the Indian Ocean humpback dolphin?
Its scientific name is Sousa plumbea, and it was described by Cuvier in 1829. It is a marine mammal in the dolphin family rather than a fish or porpoise.
Where does the Indian Ocean humpback dolphin live?
It occupies shallow coastal waters from southern Africa toward western India, including estuaries, reefs, and nearshore bays. The species depends strongly on shallow habitat and is rarely an offshore dolphin.
How is Sousa plumbea different from the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin?
The Indian Ocean humpback dolphin is Sousa plumbea, while the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin is Sousa chinensis. A 2014 study helped establish them as separate species rather than treating both populations as one.
What threats affect the Indian Ocean humpback dolphin?
Its nearshore habitat exposes it to coastal development, fishing bycatch, vessel strikes, and underwater noise. Dependence on shallow water makes those human pressures especially difficult for the species to avoid. [Scientific review](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0065288115000280)
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