description Rutile Overview
Rutile is a naturally occurring oxide mineral composed mainly of titanium dioxide (TiO2). Its tetragonal crystals are commonly reddish-brown or yellow-brown and have a very high refractive index, strong birefringence, and notable dispersion. Fine rutile needles in quartz and other gems can create chatoyancy or asterism when aligned, and rutilated quartz is a recognized collector and gem material. [GIA](https://www.gia.edu/gems-gemology/summer-2025-microworld-rutile-star-in-quartz)
help Rutile FAQ
What is rutile made of?
Rutile is a naturally occurring oxide mineral composed mainly of titanium dioxide, written TiO2. It commonly forms reddish-brown or yellow-brown tetragonal crystals.
Why does rutile sparkle so strongly?
Rutile has a very high refractive index, strong birefringence, and notable dispersion. These optical properties can produce intense brilliance and colorful flashes in cut stones.
What are rutile needles in quartz?
They are fine rutile crystals enclosed within quartz, often creating hair-like inclusions. Similar rutile inclusions can also occur in other minerals.
What crystal system does rutile have?
Rutile crystallizes in the tetragonal system. Its crystal habit and optical properties are important clues when identifying the mineral.
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