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The coconut octopus, Amphioctopus marginatus, is a small benthic octopus found on sandy and muddy seafloors in tropical Indo-Pacific waters. It is distinguished by dark branching markings and by its documented habit of carrying discarded coconut-shell halves or other hard objects, then assembling th...
The mimic octopus, Thaumoctopus mimicus, is a benthic octopus described from shallow, soft-bottom habitats in Indonesia and subsequently recorded elsewhere in the Indo-Pacific. It can alter its color, posture, movement, and body outline in ways that resemble several other animals, with commonly repo...
The wonderpus, Wunderpus photogenicus, is a benthic octopus formally described in 2006 from shallow tropical waters of the Indo-Malayan region. It inhabits sandy and silty seafloors, where its long arms and reddish-brown body display sharply contrasting white bands and spots. Unlike the changeable m...
The Pacific sand dollar, Dendraster excentricus, is an irregular sea urchin native to sandy coastal habitats of the northeastern Pacific Ocean. Its flattened test bears a five-petaled pattern, while the off-center position of features reflected in the name excentricus distinguishes it from more symm...
Macrotritopus defilippi is a small octopus of sandy and muddy habitats in the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. When moving near the seabed, it can draw its arms together, flatten its profile, and undulate in a manner resembling a swimming flatfish, behavior that may reduce recognition by predat...
Scaphechinus mirabilis is a living sand dollar described by Alexander Agassiz in 1864 and widely known from temperate sandy shores of the northwestern Pacific.
Mellita tenuis is a living keyhole sand dollar whose notably thin, flattened test is adapted to shallow, wave-worked sandy seabeds.
Mellita notabilis is a living keyhole sand dollar distinguished within Mellita by lunules, the slots that pass completely through its flattened test.
Echinodiscus auritus is a sand dollar named by Leske in 1778, now accepted as Sculpsitechinus auritus, with type material linked to Madagascar.
Dendraster terminalis is a living sand dollar distinguished by a nearly central apical system and food grooves that do not reach its upper surface.
Rhyncholampas caribaearum is a living cassiduloid sea urchin associated with the Caribbean and distinguished by a compact test with petaloid ambulacra.
Peronella japonica is a flattened sand dollar described by Mortensen in 1948 and associated by its scientific name with Japanese marine waters.
Echinodiscus bisperforatus is a living sand dollar described by Leske in 1778 and distinguished by two elongated openings through the rear of its flattened test.
A small, shallow-water octopus native to the Indo-Pacific that commonly shelters in rubble and sandy substrates across coastal regions from India to Japan.
Echinocyamus scaber is a small marine clypeasteroid described by de Meijere in 1903 and distinguished by the rough test reflected in its species name.
