swap_horiz John Scotus Eriugena Alternatives

1

Thomas Aquinas

Thomas Aquinas was a 13th-century Catholic priest and philosopher. He developed a comprehensive system of thought integr...

Medieval Metaphysics Christian Scholasticism

9.6 Brilliant

2

Augustine of Hippo

Augustine of Hippo was a prominent philosopher and theologian born in present-day Algeria. He profoundly influenced West...

Will Theology Christian Late Antique

9.5 Brilliant

3

Plotinus

Plotinus was a 3rd-century CE philosopher in Roman Egypt and Italy, founder of Neoplatonism and author of treatises coll...

Ancient Roman Metaphysics Neoplatonism

9.4 Excellent

4

Adi Shankara

Adi Shankara was an Indian philosopher of the 8th century who systematized Advaita Vedanta, teaching nondual identity of...

Indian Medieval Vedanta Metaphysics

9.4 Excellent

5

Al-Ghazali

Al-Ghazali was an 11th-century Persian theologian whose Incoherence of the Philosophers challenged Avicennian metaphysic...

Medieval Islamic Theology Skepticism

9.2 Excellent

6

Ibn Rushd

Ibn Rushd was a 12th-century Andalusian philosopher and jurist whose Aristotle commentaries influenced medieval Islamic,...

Law Medieval Andalusian Aristotelianism

9.1 Excellent

7

Maimonides

Maimonides was a 12th-century Jewish philosopher in Egypt whose Guide for the Perplexed reconciled Aristotelian philosop...

Medieval Theology Jewish Aristotelianism

9.1 Excellent

8

Zhu Xi

Zhu Xi was a Song dynasty Chinese philosopher who systematized Neo-Confucianism in the 12th century and made the Four Bo...

Medieval Chinese Metaphysics Confucianism

9.0 Excellent

9

Al-Farabi

Al-Farabi was a 10th-century philosopher from Central Asia whose Arabic works joined Plato and Aristotle with political...

Logic Medieval Politics Islamic

8.8 Great

10

Anselm of Canterbury

Anselm of Canterbury was an Italian-born monk and archbishop whose Proslogion presented an ontological argument for God'...

Logic Medieval Theology Christian

8.8 Great

11

Duns Scotus

Duns Scotus was a medieval Franciscan philosopher from Scotland whose work defended univocity of being and the doctrine...

Medieval Metaphysics Scottish Theology

8.7 Great

12

William of Ockham

William of Ockham was a 14th-century English Franciscan philosopher known for nominalism and the principle later called...

Logic Medieval English Nominalism

8.7 Great

13

Ramanuja

Ramanuja was an Indian theologian of the 11th or 12th century who founded Vishishtadvaita Vedanta and defended devotion...

Indian Medieval Vedanta Theology

8.6 Great

14

Boethius

Boethius was a Roman philosopher and statesman executed in 524 CE, best known for The Consolation of Philosophy written...

Logic Roman Theology Late Antique

8.5 Great

15

Dharmakirti

Dharmakirti was an Indian Buddhist philosopher of the 7th century whose Pramanavarttika became a major work on logic and...

Indian Medieval Epistemology Buddhist

8.5 Great

16

George Berkeley

George Berkeley was an Irish philosopher whose 1710 Principles of Human Knowledge argued for immaterialism, summarized b...

Empiricism Irish Early Modern Idealism

8.4 Great

17

Saadia Gaon

Saadia Gaon was a 10th-century Jewish philosopher in Abbasid Babylonia whose Book of Beliefs and Opinions defended Judai...

Medieval Theology Reason Jewish

7.6 Good

18

Judah Halevi

Judah Halevi was a 12th-century Jewish poet and philosopher in Spain whose Kuzari defended Judaism through a dialogue wi...

Medieval Poetry Theology Jewish

7.6 Good

19

Hildegard of Bingen

Hildegard of Bingen was a 12th-century German abbess, visionary, and writer whose Scivias linked theology, cosmology, mu...

German Medieval Theology Mysticism

7.5 Good

20

Hasdai Crescas

Hasdai Crescas was a 14th-century Jewish philosopher in Aragon whose Or Adonai criticized Aristotelian physics and influ...

Medieval Metaphysics Theology Jewish

7.1 Good