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The "Agreement of the People" was a manifesto drafted by the Leveller movement during the English Civil War in 1647. This document proposed a written constitution for England and advocated for near-universal male suffrage, a radical concept at the time. It emerged from debates at Putney where senior...
"Brutus I" is an influential Anti-Federalist essay published on October 18, 1787, under the pseudonym Brutus, which historians often attribute to Robert Yates. The essay argued forcefully against the ratification of the newly proposed United States Constitution, warning that the federal government w...
Race to Ratify is an educational history game developed by iCivics about the public debate over ratification of the United States Constitution. Players travel among the states, gather arguments, interview historical figures, and publish pamphlets while supporting either the Federalist or Anti-Federa...
The Agreement of the People for a Firm and Present Peace was a political pamphlet produced in 1648 during the English Civil War. It represented a radical proposal for a written constitution by the Levellers, a group advocating greater democracy. The document prioritized individual liberties and reli...
Published in 1787 and likely authored by Richard Henry Lee, this series of Anti-Federalist letters detailed significant objections to the ratification of the US Constitution.
Lysander Spooner's 1870 American anarchist pamphlet denies that the U.S. Constitution can bind people who never personally consented to its authority.
Written by Samuel Bryan in 1787, this Anti-Federalist essay criticized the proposed United States Constitution for concentrating excessive power within the federal government.
No Treason No. 6: The Constitution of No Authority is Spooner's 1870 pamphlet arguing that the U.S. Constitution has no authority without consent.
Thoughts on Government is a political pamphlet written by John Adams in 1776 during the American Revolution. Originally composed as a letter to Richard Henry Lee and later published anonymously, the document provided a framework for the new state constitutions. Adams argued for a government structur...
"The Constitution a Pro-Slavery Compact" is an abolitionist pamphlet by William Lloyd Garrison, who argued that the United States Constitution legitimized and protected slavery. Garrison famously characterized the Constitution as a "covenant with death and an agreement with hell," reflecting the dis...
The Democracy Monument is a public monument located on Ratchadamnoen Avenue in the Phra Nakhon district of Bangkok, Thailand. It was commissioned in 1939 to commemorate the Siamese revolution of 1932, which led to the transition from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy. The monument wa...
No Treason No. 1 is Lysander Spooner's 1867 pamphlet arguing after the Civil War that the U.S. Constitution could not bind people without consent.
An obelisk in Montevideo, Uruguay, erected to honor the delegates who drafted Uruguay's first constitution in 1830, commemorating the country's foundational republican charter.
No Treason No. 2 is Lysander Spooner's 1867 continuation of his anti-constitutional argument, denying that voting created valid political consent.
An Address to the People of the State of New-York is John Jay's 1788 pamphlet urging New Yorkers to ratify the proposed United States Constitution.
