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Cordyline australis (Cabbage Tree)

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description Cordyline australis (Cabbage Tree) Overview

Cordyline australis, commonly known as the cabbage tree, is a monocotyledonous tree endemic to New Zealand. It features a distinct, tree-like appearance with a tall, branching trunk topped by dense heads of long, sword-like leaves. Historically, the plant held significant practical importance for the Māori people, who consumed the starchy growing tips as a food source and utilized the tough, fibrous leaves for weaving baskets, ropes, and waterproof clothing. Today, it is widely cultivated globally in temperate gardens for its structural form.

help Cordyline australis (Cabbage Tree) FAQ

Is Cordyline australis really a cabbage or a palm?

It is neither a cabbage nor a true palm, but a New Zealand endemic monocot tree also called tī kōuka. Mature plants commonly reach about 12 to 20 metres, with leaves up to 1 metre long. [New Zealand Department of Conservation](https://www.doc.govt.nz/nature/native-plants/cabbage-tree-ti-kouka/)

Why does a cabbage tree develop several leafy heads?

Its trunk can branch after flowering, so older Cordyline australis trees often develop multiple crowns instead of one central rosette. This branching habit gives the species its distinctive silhouette across the New Zealand landscape.

Can Cordyline australis grow back after trunk damage?

Often, yes, because older stems can die while new shoots emerge from other parts of the trunk. Its thick bark and strong root system also help it tolerate wind and fire better than many ornamental trees.

What did Māori traditionally use tī kōuka for?

Māori communities used the tough leaves of tī kōuka for fibre, cordage, sandals, and other woven items. The plant was also cultivated as a food source after lengthy cooking, which breaks down its fibrous tissues.

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