Top Results for Failed

The Soviet coup attempt of August 1991 was an unsuccessful effort by senior Soviet officials to remove President Mikhail Gorbachev from effective power and halt his reform program. The plotters formed the State Committee on the State of Emergency, confined Gorbachev in Crimea, and deployed forces in...

The Paris Commune was a revolutionary municipal government that controlled Paris from 18 March until 28 May 1871, after France's defeat in the Franco-Prussian War and the collapse of the Second Empire. Its elected council included socialists, republicans, anarchists, and labor activists, and introdu...

The 1989 Tiananmen Square protests were a mass political movement centered in Beijing and involving students, workers, intellectuals, and other citizens. Participants called for reforms that included greater political openness, official accountability, freedom of expression, and action against corru...

The Hungarian Revolution of 1848 was part of the broader European revolutions of that year, aimed at achieving Hungarian independence from Habsburg rule. Sparked on March 15, 1848, in Pest, the movement was driven by nationalist figures like Lajos Kossuth and Sándor Petőfi, demanding a parliamentary...

The Indian Rebellion of 1857, also known as the Sepoy Mutiny or India's First War of Independence, began on May 10, 1857, as a mutiny of Indian soldiers (sepoys) employed by the British East India Company. The immediate trigger was the introduction of new Enfield rifle cartridges rumored to be greas...

The German revolutions of 1848 and 1849 were interconnected liberal, democratic, and nationalist uprisings across the states of the German Confederation. They prompted constitutional concessions and the election of the Frankfurt Parliament, which drafted a constitution and attempted to create a unif...

The Spanish Revolution of 1936 was a revolutionary transformation that developed in parts of Republican Spain after the military uprising that began the Spanish Civil War. Anarchist and socialist organizations, especially the CNT and FAI in Catalonia and Aragon, helped establish workers' committees,...

The Iranian Mahsa Amini Protests were nationwide demonstrations beginning in September 2022 after the morality-police death of 22-year-old Kurdish-Iranian woman Mahsa Amini, becoming one of Iran's largest anti-government uprisings.

The Tibetan Uprising of 1959 was a major revolt against Chinese rule in Tibet that began in Lhasa on 10 March, when large crowds gathered around the Dalai Lama's residence amid fears for his safety. Fighting between Tibetan forces and the People's Liberation Army followed, and Chinese authorities su...

The German Peasants' War was a major uprising of 1524 and 1525 across many German-speaking territories of the Holy Roman Empire. Rural communities challenged feudal dues, forced labor, restrictions on common rights, and aspects of princely and ecclesiastical authority; some demands were expressed in...

The Iranian Green Movement was a reform protest wave following the disputed June 2009 presidential election, rallying behind candidates Mir Hossein Mousavi and Mehdi Karroubi against Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's declared victory.

The Hong Kong protests of 2019 began in June after the Hong Kong government introduced a bill that would have allowed extradition to jurisdictions including mainland China. After the bill was suspended and later withdrawn, demonstrations expanded into demands that included an independent inquiry int...

The Belarusian Protests of 2020 were mass demonstrations against Alexander Lukashenko following a disputed presidential election in August, representing the largest protest movement in Belarus's post-Soviet history.

The Umbrella Movement was a 2014 pro-democracy mobilization in Hong Kong. Beginning in September, student groups and other activists occupied key areas of the city, including parts of Admiralty, Causeway Bay, and Mong Kok, for 79 days. Protesters opposed limits on the nomination of candidates for Ho...

The Maji Maji Rebellion was an armed uprising against German colonial rule in German East Africa, mainly in the territory that is now Tanzania, from 1905 to 1907. The movement spread among communities resisting forced cotton cultivation, taxation, labor demands, and other forms of colonial control,...

The Saffron Revolution was a 2007 wave of anti-government protests in Myanmar in which Buddhist monks played a prominent public role. The demonstrations followed sharp increases in fuel prices and broadened into criticism of military rule, with the name referring to the saffron-colored robes worn by...

The Irish Rebellion of 1798 was an insurrection against British rule in Ireland led chiefly by the Society of United Irishmen, a movement influenced by republican ideas and the American and French revolutions. The rising began in May 1798 and spread unevenly across several counties before British fo...

The Polish November Uprising was an armed revolt against Russian rule that began in Warsaw in November 1830 and continued until October 1831. It involved Polish military cadets, officers, politicians, and civilians in the Congress Kingdom of Poland, which retained limited autonomy under the Russian...

The January Uprising was an armed insurrection against the Russian Empire that began in January 1863 and continued until 1864. It involved underground political and military organizations in the Kingdom of Poland and neighboring lands of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, including Lithuania...

The Herero Uprising was an armed resistance by the Herero and Nama against German colonial rule in German South West Africa, present-day Namibia, beginning in 1904 and continuing in related Nama resistance until 1908. German forces responded with mass killings, forced removal, detention in camps, fo...

The Romanian Revolution of 1848 was a group of connected movements in the Romanian-inhabited lands during the wider European revolutions of that year. In Wallachia, revolutionaries called for constitutional government, civil rights, administrative reform, and changes to the rural social order before...

The Iraqi October Revolution, also known as the Tishreen movement, began in October 2019 as nationwide protests in Iraq. Demonstrators demanded improved government services, employment opportunities, and an end to political corruption and foreign influence, particularly from Iran. Security forces an...

The Decembrist Revolt was an attempted uprising by Russian military officers in December 1825, following the death of Emperor Alexander I and the succession crisis surrounding Nicholas I. The participants gathered in Senate Square in Saint Petersburg and demanded constitutional government and other...

The Lebanese October Revolution, also called the October 17 Revolution or Thawra, was a nationwide protest movement that began in Lebanon in October 2019. Demonstrations were triggered by proposed fiscal measures, including a planned tax on internet-based voice calls, and expanded into opposition to...

The Nicaraguan 2018 protests began in April 2018 after the government proposed changes to the country's social security system. The demonstrations soon expanded into a wider movement opposing President Daniel Ortega's government, with students, civil-society groups, and other citizens taking part. S...

The Spartacist Uprising was a January 1919 communist revolt in Berlin led by the Spartacist League under Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht, crushed by the Weimar government using Freikorps paramilitary units.

The Asturian miners' uprising was an armed revolt in northern Spain in October 1934, centered in the coal-mining region of Asturias. Socialist, communist, and anarchist workers seized arms and occupied several towns, while the republican government sent army units to suppress the movement. The revol...

The Finnish Revolution of 1918 was a civil war between Red Guards backed by socialist workers and White Guards backed by the government, ending in White victory with significant German military assistance.

The Bahraini Uprising of 2011 was a protest movement associated with the wider Arab Spring and centered largely on Pearl Roundabout in Manama. Demonstrators called for political reform, greater representation, and changes to the country’s system of government. In March 2011, Bahrain requested assist...