Best Spheniscus
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The only penguin species breeding in Africa, found along the coasts of South Africa and Namibia, listed as Endangered due to drastic 20th-century population declines.
The world's only penguin found north of the equator, endemic to the Galápagos Islands of Ecuador and the rarest penguin species, listed as Endangered.
A South American banded penguin named after explorer Ferdinand Magellan, whose 1520 expedition was the first to record the species scientifically.
A South American penguin named after the cold Humboldt Current along whose Pacific coastal upwelling it forages, listed as Vulnerable due to fishery and climate pressures.
Extinct banded penguin from Miocene deposits of Peru, closely related to living Spheniscus species such as the Humboldt and Magellanic penguins.
Extinct banded penguin from Chile, known from Neogene deposits and among the fossil relatives of the living Humboldt penguin along the Pacific coast.
Extinct banded penguin from Miocene deposits of Peru and Chile, part of a fossil Spheniscus radiation along the Pacific South American coast.
