Best Neuroscience

Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852–1934) was a Spanish histologist and physician whose detailed microscopic studies of nervous tissue, using the Golgi staining method, established the neuron doctrine—the principle that the nervous system is composed of discrete individual cells rather than a continuous ne...

The Atlas of the Human Brain, compiled by Mai and Paxinos, offers exceptionally detailed histological maps of the human brain’s structure. It represents a crucial resource for neuroscientists, researchers, and medical professionals seeking precise anatomical reference material. The atlas's high reso...

Created by neuroscientist and meditation teacher Andy Puddicombe, Waking Up offers a unique approach to meditation based on the ancient Vipassana tradition. The app features guided meditations led by Puddicombe himself, along with insightful explanations of the underlying philosophy. Waking Up is a...

Wolfram Schultz is a neuroscientist known for experimental research on the neural processing of rewards, learning, and decision making. His work showed that many midbrain dopamine neurons respond in ways consistent with a reward prediction error: activity changes when an outcome is better or worse t...

The Allen Brain Atlas is a comprehensive digital resource providing detailed maps of gene expression within the human brain. Developed by the Allen Institute for Brain Science, it represents a significant advancement in neuroscience research. This atlas offers researchers precise data on cellular ac...

Michael I. Posner is an American psychologist and cognitive neuroscientist whose research has examined the neural mechanisms of attention. He developed the spatial cueing task commonly called the Posner cueing paradigm, which measures how advance information about a location affects the speed of det...

Luigi Galvani (1737-1798) was an Italian physicist and physician who discovered bioelectricity, the electrical phenomena in living organisms. In the 1780s, he observed that dissected frog legs would twitch when touched with different metals, mistakenly attributing this to 'animal electricity' unique...

Joseph LeDoux is an American neuroscientist whose research investigates the brain mechanisms underlying emotion, memory, and survival responses. Work by LeDoux and his colleagues mapped neural pathways involved in threat conditioning, with particular attention to the amygdala and its connections. He...

As the CEO of Google DeepMind, Demis Hassabis is a leading figure in the pursuit of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). His background in neuroscience and game theory informs his approach to AI development. He led the team that created AlphaGo and continues to push the boundaries of how machines...

Stanislas Dehaene is a French cognitive neuroscientist whose research examines how neural activity supports reading, numerical cognition, learning, and conscious awareness. He is associated with the neuronal global workspace model, which proposes that information becomes consciously accessible when...

Netter’s Atlas of Neuroscience provides detailed anatomical visualizations of the human nervous system. Its notable use lies in its clear, historically significant illustrations by Frank H. Netter, renowned for their accuracy and artistic quality. The atlas is a valuable resource for medical student...

Kent C. Berridge is an American psychologist and affective neuroscientist at the University of Michigan whose research examines reward, motivation, pleasure, and addiction. His experiments helped distinguish incentive salience, or wanting, from hedonic impact, or liking, showing that these component...

John O'Keefe is a British-American neuroscientist who shared the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of place cells located in the hippocampus. He identified these specialized neurons as firing when a mammal occupies a specific location in its environment. His foundational r...

Thomas Südhof is a German-American biochemist whose research mapped the molecular mechanics of synaptic transmission in the brain. He discovered how calcium ions act as a trigger for the rapid release of neurotransmitters, allowing nerve cells to communicate with one another. His lab identified the...

Roderick MacKinnon is an American neuroscientist and biophysicist whose research demystified the atomic structure and function of ion channels in cell membranes. Using X-ray crystallography, he successfully mapped the three-dimensional structure of a potassium ion channel, revealing precisely how it...

The Learning Scientists offers a unique approach to studying based on established neuroscience research. This website and podcast present evidence-based learning strategies designed to improve focus, memory, and understanding. It’s for students of all ages seeking effective study techniques grounded...

Santiago Ramón y Cajal was a Spanish physician and scientist whose groundbreaking research fundamentally changed our understanding of the nervous system. He demonstrated that the brain’s function arises from distinct cells – neurons – each with its own properties. His detailed cellular approach, dev...

John Cacioppo was an American psychologist and neuroscientist whose work helped establish social neuroscience as a field connecting social behavior with biological processes. At the University of Chicago, he conducted influential research on perceived social isolation, commonly described as loneline...

Michael Merzenich is an American neuroscientist known for experimental research on cortical plasticity. Studies conducted by Merzenich and his collaborators showed that sensory representations in the adult cerebral cortex can reorganize after training, altered input, or injury, challenging the view...

The Encyclopedia of Neuroscience is a comprehensive reference work published by Elsevier under its Academic Press imprint, with a major edition edited by Larry R. Squire released in 2009. The encyclopedia provides overview articles spanning cellular and molecular neuroscience, systems neuroscience,...

Ten Percent Happier distinguishes itself with a refreshingly skeptical and science-backed approach to meditation. Founded by journalist Dan Harris, who initially dismissed meditation, the app emphasizes practical techniques and demystifies the practice. It features guided meditations from renowned t...

Armenian-American neuroscientist Ardem Patapoutian is a professor at Scripps Research in La Jolla, California. He shared the 2021 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering the PIEZO1 and PIEZO2 ion channels, which are mechanosensitive proteins that allow cells to sense mechanical forces...

Edvard Moser is a Norwegian neuroscientist who shared the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with his then-wife May-Britt Moser and John O'Keefe. Based at the Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) in Trondheim, the Mosers discov...

May-Britt Moser is a Norwegian neuroscientist who shared the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Edvard Moser and John O'Keefe. Working at the Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), she co-discovered grid cells in the medial...

Paul Greengard was an American neuroscientist at Rockefeller University who shared the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Arvid Carlsson and Eric Kandel. His research demonstrated that neurotransmitters like dopamine exert their effects through slow, biochemical signal transduction casc...

Terry Sejnowski is a computational neuroscientist at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies who works on neural networks and computational neuroscience. He co-invented the Boltzmann machine with Geoffrey Hinton, a model used in machine learning. Sejnowski has received awards including the IEEE Ne...

Brain.fm is an app utilizing artificial intelligence to create adaptive music designed for enhanced cognitive function. The system analyzes real-time audio and generates soundscapes based on neuroscience research linking specific frequencies to states like focus, relaxation, or sleep. It’s intended...

The Encyclopedia of the Human Brain is a 2002 Academic Press reference edited by V. S. Ramachandran, covering brain anatomy and cognition.

American neuroscientist at Emory University known for foundational research on the amygdala's role in fear conditioning and for work demonstrating that D-cycloserine can enhance extinction of conditioned fear.